การควบคุมเชิงกลยุทธ์ ประกอบด้วย อะไร บ้าง

��С��觢ѹ��ȵ��觼��ͧ��õ�ͧ�Դ�� (Rethinking) ��¡�÷��ǹ��ط��͹Ӿ��áԨ��ö�觢ѹ�Ѻͧ��ҧ��׹ �ѧ��鹡��ҧ�ѡ��Ҿ��Ѻͧ��ؤ��֧��§��õѴŴ�鹷ع��觡�û�Ѻ�ç��ҧͧ�� èе�ͧ��˹��ͺࢵ��Ƿҧ��ط��ҧ�Ѵਹ��¡�è�ṡ��·��

��˵ع��繡�äǺ��ԧ��ط�� (Strategic Control) ��繡�кǹ��õԴ��Թ�š�û�Ժѵԧҹ�дѺͧ��դ��˹�ҵ��Ἱ�ҹ�� Ƿҧ��Ѻ��Թ�� (Corrective Action) ��Ƿҧ��Сͺ��¡��͡��ط��ͧ��äҴ��ö��Ѵ��÷�Ѿ�ҡ��ҧ�ջ��Է��Ҿ��ҧ�س��Ѻ�١��٧�ش��д��Թ��ҧ�к��äǺ��͵Դ��Թ��С�˹��Ƿҧ��Ѻ��ا��ô��Թ�ҹ

�ѧ��鹡�äǺ��ԧ��ط��֧��§��õԴ��š�ô��Թ�ҹ ��ѧʹѺʹع��龹ѡ�ҹ��ö��Թ��ѭ��С�˹��Ƿҧ��Ѻ��ا��ô��Թ�ҹ��ҧ��ͧ ��˵ع��äǺ��ԧ��ط��֧��պ��ҷʹѺʹع��ҧ��º㹡��觢ѹ (Competitive Advantage) ��觻�Сͺ��´ �ѧ��

�ٻ�� 1 �ѭ�ҡ�ú��дѺͧ��

* ��Է��Ҿ (Efficiency) ��觻��Թ��͡�˹��Ƿҧ��Ѿ�ҡ��Ѻ��ҧ��Ե��ҧ�ջ��Է��Ҿ ��觡�ô��Թ��èе�ͧ��ö�Ѵ��ԧ��ҳ��੾�лѨ��¹�� (Input) �� ѵ�شԺ �ç�ҹ ��лѨ��·��ʹѺʹع��ٻ��Դ��Ե�� (Output) ��ٻ�Թ��ͺ�ԡ�� ѧ��鹼��Ѿ��ҡ��û��Թ�Ҩ᷹��¼�Ե�Ҿ (Productivity)

��ա�á�˹��ҵ��Ѵ�Ӥѭ��Ѻ��Թ��Է��Ҿ��Ѿ�ҡ� �ѧ�óա�õѴ�Թ㨻�Ѻ��¹�ç��ҧ��Ե�ѳ�� (Product Team Structure) ��͡Ẻö��Ѻ�͡Ẻö��е鹷ع��ü�Եö��Ѵ��ͤѹ ��º��º��Է��Ҿ��ҧ�Ƿҧ��Թ�ҹ��͹��ѧ��û�Ѻ��¹�ç��ҧ

�ٻ�� 2 �Ѩ��С�кǹ��ҧ�س��

��Ѻ��áԨ��ԡ��ҧ ��Է�� Ҥ�� Сѹ�� §ҹʹѺʹع�Ҩ�ʴ��Ե�Ŵ��ٻẺ��ԡ�� ·��任��Է��Ҿ��ԡ��ö�ʴ��Ѿ��ԧ��ҳ �ѧ��鹨֧�ѡ��Թ�Ŵ��ԵԤس�Ҿ �� ͧ��¹�ҡ�١�� ͤ��֧��㨢ͧ��Ѻ��ԡ�÷��ö�Ѵ�Ŵ��»Ѩ��Ф��֧��㨢ͧ�١�� ѧ��

* �ç��Һ��: ��Ф��Ǵ��Ѻ��ԡ�� Ӣͧ�š�÷��ͺ ��Ҵ ��Ǵ��㹡��Ѻ�� ١��ͧ�ͧ�͡�� Ф��Ҿ
* ��ҹ��¢ͧ��: ��ͤ��ҹ��Թ �س�Ҿ�Թ�� âҴʵ�͡�Թ�� Ҵ ��ͧ��¹�ҡ�١�� С��ŧ�ѹ�֡��Դ��Ҵ
* ��¡�úԹ: ��Ҫ�Ңͧ��ǺԹ ��з��٭�� ͤ��Ѻ Check-in ��Ҵ ��С��ҡ��ѡ�ҹ��ԡ��

* ��ҹ��èҹ��ǹ: ��ͤ��Ѻ��ԡ�� ӹǹ��ͧ��¹�ҡ�١�� Ҵ �س�Ҿ�� Ф��Ҿ�ҡ��ѡ�ҹ��ԡ��
* ��觫��ͷҧᤵ��͡: ��١��ͧ�ͧ��觫�� Ҿ�ͧ��ѡ�ҹ ��պ�� ҡ��ͺ ��ͤ��觫��ͷҧ��Ѿ��
* ��áԨ��Сѹ��: ��ԡ�âͧ��᷹ ��ҵͺʹͧ��ԡ�áѺ�١��

��ҧ��Ѵ�Ѩ��¹��м�Ե�ŷ��Դ��㹸�áԨ��ҧ �

* �س�Ҿ (Quality) �Ѩ�غѹ�س�Ҿ��繻Ѩ��ѡ��Ѻ��觢ѹ��੾�С�û��Թ�س�Ҿ�Թ��ͺ�ԡ�� 觨��Ż�͹��Ѻ (Feedback) ��ǡѺ�س�Ҿ�Թ�� 繢��Ѻ��û�Ѻ��ا��ҧ��ͧ (Continuous Improvement) ��ҵ��Ѵ��Ѻ��û��Թ �� ӹǹ��ͧ��¹�ҡ�١�� (Customers' Complaints) �ӹǹ�Թ��ҷ��١�觤׹ �繵�

��ҧ�ҵ��Ѵ�ҧ�س�Ҿ

* ��ѵ�� (Innovation) �¹�෤��ʹѺʹع��ô��Թ�ҹ ��¤��Ҩ��෤��᷹�ç�ҹ�� ѧ��ͧ��è֧��ͧ�֡��Ƿҧ��û�Ѻ��෤��ͷӧҹ��Ѻ�ç�ҹ��ҧ�� ý֡ͺ��Ѻ��ѡ�ҹ��ö��෤��ҧ�Դ��Է�Լ��٧�ش ��ͧ�ҡ��ù�෤��ʹѺʹع��áԨ�繡��ŧ�ع��

�ѧ��ͧ��÷��෤��ըе�ͧ��Ӥѭ�Ѻ��þѲ�ҹ�ѵ��ҧ��ͧ��¡�дѺ�ѡ��Ҿ�ͧͧ��˹�͡��Ҥ��觢ѹ ��Ѻ��ҧ��෤�� ù��ͧ MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ��ԹԨ��ä��еѺ᷹�Ըա�� X-Rays ��Ŵ��ҡ��ԡ��ŧ��ҳ 45 �ҷ� ��觼��餹��Ѻ��ԡ��ҧ�Ǵ��ǵ�ʹ��Ŵ�鹷ع��ԡ�ä��ҧ��֧��㨨ҡ�س�Ҿ��ԡ��

��ǹ�Ҥ�ص��ˡ��ü�Ե��ա��ػ�ó좹��ѵ��ѵ� ��Ŵ��Դ��Ҵ�ҡ��÷ӧҹ��ç�ҹ�� (Human Error) ��Դ��û�Ѻ��ا�س�Ҿ��Ե�ѳ�� Ŵ�ͺ��ҡ�кǹ��÷��ͺ��ѹ��˹��Ŵ�ѭ�ҡ�èѴ��ʵ�͡

��稷ҧ��ѵ��Դ��鹡��ͧ��ö�٧��龹ѡ�ҹ�դ��֡��ǹ��㹡��ҧ��ä� (Creative) ��ö�ӧҹ��ҧ�� ҵ��Ѵ��Ѻ�Դ��ͻ��Թ��÷ӧҹ��С��ҧ��šѺ��ҹ��ͺؤ�ҡ÷��ö��Թ��´��к�⺹�� (Bonus System) ��ŧҹ��Դ��

* ��õͺʹͧ��١�� (Responsiveness to Customers) ��äǺ��ԧ��ط��պ��ҷʹѺʹع��ö��Թ�š�û�Ժѵԧҹ�ͧ��ѡ�ҹ��ö��Ѻ�ҧἹ�Ѳ��Ըա�÷ӧҹ��ʹ�Ѻ�Ѻ��¹�ŧ�ͧ�١�� 駡��ҧἹ�֡ͺ��¡�дѺ�ѡ�С��ԡ�áѺ�١��

�ѧ�óաԨö¹��ա��Ǩ�١��ҧ��ͧ��ǡѺ��Ѻ��ԡ�èҡ��᷹��˹�� ͤ��һѭ�ҫ�͹��Т��ʹ��Ƿҧ��䢻ѭ�� Դ��ü�ѡ�ѹ��᷹��˹��»�Ѻ��ا�س�Ҿ��ԡ��

��Ѻ��ҧ�к��Ǻ��ԧ��ط�� (Strategic Control Systems) ��Сͺ�� á�˹�� (Target Setting) ��Ѵ�� к��û�͹��Ѻ (Feedback System) ��ö�Դ��š�ô��Թ�Ԩ�� ѧ��鹻��Է�ԼŨҡ�к��Ǻ��֧��Сͺ��¤��״��蹷��ö�ͺʹͧ��Ф��¹�ŧ��ʹ�ȷ��դ��ӫ��繻��ª��Ѻ��Ѻ��õѴ�Թ� ��ǹ��ҧ�к��Ǻ��ԧ��ط��Сͺ��¡�кǹ�� ѧ��

�ٻ�� 3 �ʴ��кǹ��ú��

1. ��èѴ��ҵðҹ��Ѻ��Թ�š�ô��Թ�ҹ �·��ҵðҹ��˹��١��Ѻ��Թ�Ѩ��ʹѺʹع��ҧ��ö㹡��觢ѹ ��Сͺ��»��Է��Ҿ �س�Ҿ ��ѵ�� С�õͺʹͧ��١�� ѧ��Ǣ�ҧ�� 觡�èѴ��ҵðҹ��ö��ṡ��ѧ��

�ٻ�� 4 ��§��¡Ѻ�к��Թ�Ѵ��

* ��èѴ��ҵðҹ�Ѩ��¹�� (Standardization of Inputs) ��Ƿҧ��ͧ��ö�Ǻ��Ѿ�ҡ��Ѻ��ô��Թ�ҹ �½��º��èзӡ�è�ṡ�Ѩ��¹��ҡ�͹��к�ࡳ��ҵðҹ �ѧ�ó��ç�ҹ��繻Ѩ��¹��ա��кؤس��ѵ��зѡ�з��Ѻ��÷ӧҹ��ࡳ��äѴ��͡��դس��ѵԷ��ǡѺ�ѵ�شԺ��ͧ��Сͺ��Ե�ѳ��ա�þԨ�óҤس��ѵ��кآ�͡�˹��Ѻ��ͧ�ѹ�ѭ�ҷ��Ҩ�Դ��ͷӡ�û�͹�Ѩ��кǹ��ü�Ե

* ��èѴ��ҵðҹ��Թ�ҹ (Standardization of Operation) ��ѵ�ػ��ʧ��÷ӧҹ��ٻẺ�ҵðҹ��¡��ҧ��º��Ըա�÷ӧҹ (Rules & Procedure) �ѧ�óո�áԨ��ҹ��ê��ʹѧ��ҧ McDonald �� Burger King ��Ѵ��ҵðҹ��ԡ��١��èҹ��ǹ

* ��èѴ��ҵðҹ��Ե�� (Standardization of Output) ��кؤس�ѡɳ��͢�͡�˹��Ե�ѳ�� (Specification) �� Ե� (Dimension) ��Ҵ�ԡѴ�� (Tolerance) ��´��ç��ҹ�ͧ�١��ࡳ��Ѻ�Ǻ��س�Ҿ��ա�õ�Ǩ�Դ��¡��ҧ��ͺ��(Periodic Sampling) ��յ�Ǫ��Ѵ��ѡ��Ѻ��Թ��Է�Լš�èѴ��ҵðҹ �� ѵ�ҡ�� 觤׹�Թ��Ҩҡ�١�� ӹǹ��ͧ��¹�ҡ�١��

2. ��ҧ�к��õԴ��Ѵ�š�ô��Թ�ҹ��º�Ѻ�ҵðҹ��·��к�㹢��á ��ա�á�˹��º�Ըա��Т�鹵͹��Ѻ��Թ��

�ٻ�� 5 �ʴ��кǹ��äǺ��ԧ��ط��

3. �Ӽ��Ѿ��ô��Թ�ҹ��º�Ѻ�� ͻ��Թ��Է�Լ��л��Է��Ҿ��Դ�� ա�ô��Թ��õ��ͺ��ҷ��к��Ἱ �ҡ�š�ô��Թ�ҹ�٧��ҵðҹ��ʴ��֧��ջ��Է��Ҿ㹡�ú��Ҩ�ա�õ��µ��Թ� ��ʹ��ҹ��ж١��Ѻ��Ѻ��ط��㹡�ô��Թ�ҹ�ͺ�Ѵ� ��ҡ�š�ô��Թ�ҹ��ӡ��¡��÷ӡ�÷��ǹ��ط��͡�˹��Ƿҧ��Ѻ��ا

�ٻ�� 6 ��û��Թ��§ҹ��

4. ��Թ��䢻ѭ��ҡ�š�ô��Թ�ҹ��ö�� 觨Ѵ�繪�ǧ�ش��¢ͧ��кǹ��äǺ�� ¹Ӣ��Ũҡ�� 3 ��˹��Ƿҧ��Ѻ��ا��觴��Թ��õ��ǧ�äس�Ҿ PDCA